Living with constant knee pain can feel like paddling upstream. Chronic pain in the knees cannot always be adequately managed through medicines or physiotherapy. In such cases, knee replacement surgery might offer a glimmer of hope. This blog is a guide to knee replacement surgery, written for individuals considering this life-changing procedure. It talks about different types of replacement surgery, what to expect during the procedure, and offers recovery tips to help one get back on their feet with newfound ease.
Types of Knee Replacement Surgery
There are three main types of knee replacement surgery:
Total Knee Replacement
This is the most common type of knee replacement surgery and is also known as total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
The TKA surgical procedure involves replacing the entire knee joint with artificial components, mimicking the natural movement and function of a healthy knee.
In this surgery, the entire joint surface of the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), and patella (kneecap) is replaced with metal and plastic implants.
The purpose of total knee replacement surgery is pain relief and helping patients achieve better knee function than before.
A total knee replacement surgery procedure can be highly effective for individuals suffering from severe knee pain and reduced mobility due to conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or traumatic joint damage.
Partial Knee Replacement
Partial Knee Replacement (PKR) is a surgical procedure where only a portion of the knee joint is replaced with artificial components.
Unlike total knee replacement, which involves replacing the entire knee joint, PKR is performed when the damage is confined to one compartment of the knee. Partial knee replacement is a good option for people with arthritis in only one compartment of the knee.
The surgery is less invasive than a total knee replacement and typically takes less than an hour.
Partial knee replacement is subdivided into two types:
- Kneecap replacement, formally known as patellofemoral arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure that specifically addresses damage or arthritis affecting the patellofemoral joint—the joint between the kneecap (patella) and the femur (thigh bone). This procedure is a type of partial knee replacement, focusing on resurfacing or replacing the damaged patellar and femoral surfaces.
- Unicondylar knee arthroplasty is a partial knee replacement surgery in which either the medial or lateral side of the damaged knee is replaced.
Surgery Procedure
The exact procedure for a knee replacement surgery will vary based on the type of surgery and the technique utilised by the knee surgeon.
Pre-surgery, there is a thorough medical evaluation of the patient by an orthopaedic surgeon. This involves a review of the patient’s medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as X-rays and MRI scans. The purpose is to assess the extent of knee joint damage and overall health and determine if knee replacement surgery is the right treatment path. An anesthesiologist will discuss anaesthesia options and answer any questions. Certain medications, like blood thinners, may need to be adjusted or stopped before surgery.
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During Surgery
The surgical process commences with the administration of anaesthesia, either general or regional, ensuring the patient’s comfort throughout the procedure.
A carefully planned incision is then made on the front of the knee, providing the surgeon access to the damaged joint.
The meticulous reshaping of bones follows, as the surgeon removes damaged cartilage and bone from the femur and tibia, or only the damaged parts, preparing the surfaces for the insertion of artificial components. These components, including the femoral and tibial components, along with a plastic spacer, replicate the natural movement of the knee joint.
Subsequently, the incision is closed, and the patient is transferred to a recovery area for proper knee operation aftercare.
Recovery After Surgery
Following knee replacement surgery, a comprehensive postoperative care plan is implemented to ensure a smooth recovery and optimal outcomes for the patient.
After surgery, patients are monitored in a recovery area, where vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels are closely observed.
Adequate pain management is crucial during the initial recovery period. Medications are prescribed to control pain and discomfort.
Early mobilisation is encouraged to prevent complications such as blood clots. Patients are assisted with gentle exercises and encouraged to bear weight on the new knee with the guidance of physical therapists.
Recovery Tips
The initial knee replacement recovery time typically involves a few days in the hospital, followed by several weeks of rehabilitation at home. While substantial improvement may be seen in the first few months, full recovery can take up to a year or longer.
Recovery involves a combination of proper care, adherence to the advice of a knee surgeon, and a gradual increase in the intensity of activity. Some tips to help during this crucial phase include:
- Use ice packs and elevate the leg to reduce swelling. Follow the knee surgeon’s recommendations for the duration and frequency of icing.
- Engage in the prescribed rehabilitation exercises provided by the physical therapist to improve joint flexibility and strengthen the surrounding muscles.
- While laying down, engage in a range of motion exercises and ankle pumps, moving the ankle upward to point the toes back and downward to point the toes away. This helps enhance circulation and diminish swelling.
- Arrange furniture to ensure pathways are wide enough for a walker and eliminate potential hazards like loose throw rugs, knickknacks on the floor to prevent tripping.
- Consume foods rich in protein to promote tissue healing and muscle strength. Consult a nutritionist if needed.
- Keep an eye on the surgical incision for any signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or increased pain. Report any concerns to the healthcare provider promptly.
- Attend all scheduled follow-up appointments with the orthopaedic surgeon and healthcare team for monitoring and adjustments to the recovery plan.
Conclusion
Knee replacement surgery can be life-changing for those struggling with chronic knee pain, especially when other treatments are no longer effective. Choosing a reputable hospital in India and an experienced knee surgeon is essential for a successful procedure and recovery. It ensures access to skilled specialists, advanced surgical techniques, and proper post-operative care, all of which contribute to better outcomes and ultimately improved knee mobility that help patients return to their daily routines with greater ease.
Disclaimer:
This article has been written for information purposes only, and is not a substitute for professional medical advice by a qualified doctor or other health care professional. The author is not responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, for any form of damages whatsoever resulting from the use (or misuse) of information contained in or implied by the information in this article. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for accurate diagnosis, personalised treatment, and recommendations tailored to your individual health needs.
